ASTM E549-87(R2018) pdf free download

ASTM E549-87(R2018) pdf free download.Standard Guide for Preparing Field Sprayer Calibration Procedures
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is for those who prepare field sprayer calibration procedures. The purpose is to encourage methods that will improve uniformity, accuracy, and safety of pesticide application with field sprayers. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa- tion only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 4. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This guide provides information on the calibration of boom-type field sprayers used for broadcast, band, or row applications. It is easily adapted to boomless and air-carrier type sprayers for broadcast applications and to rotary atomizers such as spinning disks. A single calibration procedure that is applicable in all situations is not feasible because of the nature of the variables involved in pesticide application. Electronic controllers and other aids should be calibrated by one of these methods.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Apparatus needed will depend on the method of cali- bration. Common items include the following: 3.1.1 Measuring Device—Tape of at least 25 m (50 ft) in length, or other suitable measuring devices. 3.1.2 Marking Devices—Stakes or flags for marking a measured course. 3.1.3 Container, large enough to collect nozzle output for 30 s, and graduated to allow accuracy within 1 %. 3.1.4 Pressure Gage, accurate and of the proper range. 3.1.5 Timing Device—A watch with a sweep second hand, or a stop watch.
4. Hazards
4.1 A cautionary statement for the safe handling, storage, and disposal of agricultural chemicals shall be included with applicator calibration procedures. 4.2 Use water alone to calibrate the sprayer unless the flow rate of the actual spray mixture varies more than 5 % from the flow rate of water. (See 5.1.1.2.) 4.3 Calibration with Actual Spray Mixture: 4.3.1 Wear suitable approved safety equipment and protec- tive clothing. Avoid contact with the spray. 4.3.2 Avoid contamination of the area. Collect all nozzle output. Calibrate only when the wind speed is below 8 km/h (5 mph).
5. Recommendations
5.1 The volume of spray material applied to a given area depends on three variables. Each variable must be determined when developing a specific calibration procedure. 5.1.1 Nozzle Flow Rate—The nozzle flow rate varies with the following: 5.1.1.1 Nozzle Capacity—Select the orifice size that will best fit the requirements of application, volume, pressure, and ground speed. 5.1.1.2 Nature ofFluid—If the spray mixture will be altered considerably by the addition of adjuvants, compare the flow rate of the mixture to that of water. If the rate difference is 5 % or more, use the actual spray mixture in the calibration. 5.1.1.3 Fluid Pressure—A constant pressure should be maintained to achieve uniform application. Flow rate is gen- erally proportional to the square root of the pressure drop across the nozzle.5.1.2 Ground Speed of Sprayer—This does not apply to ground-driven pumps. This parameter has an inverse relation- ship to the spray volume. It is the easiest factor to change for minor corrections in the application rate. Ground speed should be maintained uniformly for uniform application, even when ground-driven pumps or electronic controllers are used. 5.1.3 Sprayed Width per Nozzle—Calibration procedures should be used to determine the amount (in litres or gallons) of liquid applied per unit area (hectare or acre) actually treated with the agricultural chemical. For band application, the area treated is the area in the band and not the area of cropland covered. Some pesticide recommendations are based on the area of cropland covered rather than the area actually sprayed. In these cases, the spray width used in the calibration should be based on the row spacing and not on the band width. See Note in 7.1.