ASTM F2232-14(R2020) pdf free download

ASTM F2232-14(R2020) pdf free download.Standard Test Method for Determining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach High Heels from Footwear
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to detach the heel from footwear through the appli- cation of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common heel failure mode. Heel height of 20 mm ( 13 ⁄ 16 in.) or larger is needed to perform this test method properly. Most women’s medium and high heeled footwear meets this requirement. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 forefoot—the portion of the shoe extending forward from the break of the joint to the toe, also called forepart. 3.1.2 heel attachment strength—the force in pounds mea- sured under the testing conditions of Test Method F2232 required to detach the heel from the sole/insole assembly. 3.1.3 heel breast—the front face of the shoe heel. 3.1.4 heel height—the vertical distance from the top back edge of the heel to the plane of the tread (wear) surface of the heel. 3.1.5 insole—the part of the shoe that is a structural anchor to which the upper and heel are fastened during manufacture. It may or may not be covered on the foot side by material referred to as a socklining. 3.1.6 outsole—the bottom (sole) of the shoe: including the surface which is exposed to wear. 3.1.7 seatboard—a reinforcement (if used) of the insole where the heel is attached. 3.1.8 shank—a reinforcement in the arch (instep) ofthe shoe between the insole and outsole made from steel, wood, fiberboard or plastic (individually or in combination). 3.1.9 shankboard—the back part of the insole which is fabricated from a firm fiberboard. It is contoured to the arch of the foot for support. 3.1.10 top piece (toplift)—the bottom layer of a heel (wear surface) usually made of leather, rubber, plastic, steel, or elastomers. 3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to footwear, refer to the Footwear Products Glossary.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element ofthe shoe, the heel-attaching strength is a significant factor in ensuring the wearer’s safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of the shoe. 4.2 This test should be performed on each new style shoe and when any changes are made in the design, material or method of shank or heel area of the shoe, or both, or in the attachment of the heel in an existing shoe.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A CRE-type (constant rate of expansion type) or CRT-type (constant rate of traverse type) with extension or traverse rate of 100 mm/min (4 in./min) with autographic recorder or automatic microprocessor data gather- ing system. 5.1.1 Upper and Lower Attaching Mechanism, to clamp the heel jig attachment or wire and toe and shank end of the shoe. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 4. 5.2 Drill Press. 5.3 Drill Bit, 5 mm ( 3 ⁄ 16 in.). 5.4 Vise, used to hold the shoe heel for drilling. 5.5 Wire, 2.5 mm ( 3 ⁄ 32 in.) diameter piano or other high strength wire. 5.5.1 In place ofthe wire described in 5.5, a jig using a yoke and a 5 mm ( 3 ⁄ 16 in.) diameter rod may be used. See Fig. 3.
6. Sampling
6.1 Perform random testing of shoes from production or from stock in accordance with Practices E29, E105, and E122, and Terminology E456. 6.2 Determine test sample size by lot size. A testing plan used by U.S. Military Procurement for footwear is: Lot Size Number of Test Shoes 800 or less 2 801 to 22 000 3 22 001 and over 5 7. Conditioning 7.1 Maintain the temperature and humidity of the testing room at 22 6 1°C (72 6 2°F) and 50 % 6 2RH. 7.2 For most purposes it is not necessary to condition the footwear in a controlled atmosphere before testing. 8. Procedure 8.1 Calibrate the machine with the autograph chart recorder or automatic microprocessor data gathering system.